Cooking Temperature Converter
Cooking recipes from different countries use different temperature units: US recipes use Fahrenheit, European recipes use Celsius, and British/Irish recipes often use Gas Mark for gas ovens. This converter instantly converts between all three. The Celsius-Fahrenheit relationship is exact: 0 C = 32 F and 100 C = 212 F. Gas Mark is an approximate scale based on 25 F increments above Gas Mark 1 (275 F).
Temperature conversion formulas
F = C * 9/5 + 32 | C = (F - 32) * 5/9 | Gas Mark = (F - 250) / 25
The Gas Mark formula is: GM = (F - 250) / 25, where Gas Mark 1 = 275 F = 140 C. This approximation is the standard used in UK cooking references. Gas marks are conventionally shown as whole numbers.
Common oven temperatures
- Very low / slow: 275 F / 140 C / Gas Mark 1.
- Low / slow: 300 F / 150 C / Gas Mark 2.
- Moderate / medium: 350 F / 175 C / Gas Mark 4.
- Moderately hot: 375 to 400 F / 190 to 200 C / Gas Mark 5 to 6.
- Hot: 425 F / 220 C / Gas Mark 7.
- Very hot / high: 450 to 475 F / 230 to 245 C / Gas Mark 8 to 9.
Cooking temperature converter: frequently asked questions
How do I convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9. For example, 350 F = (350 - 32) * 5/9 = 318 * 5/9 = 176.7 C. The exact formula comes from the definition that 0 C = 32 F and 100 C = 212 F.
What is Gas Mark and what countries use it?
Gas Mark is a scale used for gas ovens in the UK and Ireland. Gas Mark 1 corresponds to approximately 275 F / 140 C. Each mark increases by 25 F / 14 C. Gas Mark 6 (moderate hot) equals about 400 F / 200 C. Gas Mark is rarely used in North America or continental Europe.
What are standard baking temperatures?
Common baking temperatures: slow/low 300 F (150 C, GM 2), moderate 350 F (175 C, GM 4), moderately hot 375 F (190 C, GM 5), hot 400 F (200 C, GM 6), very hot 425 to 450 F (220 to 230 C, GM 7 to 8). Most cookie recipes use 350 F; roasting often uses 400 to 425 F.
What temperature does the USDA recommend for cooking poultry?
USDA recommends an internal temperature of 165 F (74 C) for poultry (whole birds and ground poultry). Beef, pork, lamb, and veal steaks and roasts: 145 F (63 C) with a 3-minute rest. Ground beef: 160 F (71 C). Fish: 145 F (63 C).
Why do recipes from the UK use different temperatures than US recipes?
US recipes typically use Fahrenheit oven temperatures. UK recipes use Celsius or Gas Mark. Additionally, US recipes often use conventional (non-fan) oven settings. Fan-assisted (convection) ovens run 25 F (15 C) hotter than the setting indicates, or you can reduce the temperature by that amount.
Official sources
- USDA Food Safety: Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart.
- NIST SP 811: Temperature unit conversion (Celsius and Fahrenheit).
Reviewed by the CalculatorHub team, edited by James Graham, 15 June 2026. See our methodology.